The Use of Technology to Assist in Nursing Care and Patient Safety

Abstract

The nursing profession is among the top rewarding fields in the world. However, it is also among the most complex and challenging profession due to the exhaustion that it causes physically and emotionally. With these challenges, the medical profession has projected a possible shortage of registered nurses in the next five years. The willingness of nurses who are prepared to stay on guard of their patients has decreased despite the increase in demand for nursing care. The workflow inefficiencies that arise in most hospitals ought to be addressed by deploying new technological solutions. Therefore, the changing technology must have nothing short of the equipment of health sectors with the aim of improving nursing services. This paper covers emerging technologies that have played a significant role in changing the nursing practice as far as the patient welfare is concerned. The integration of new technologies has become a major goal in the development of the strategic plans of modern medical institutions (Huston, 2013).

 The Use of Technology to Assist in Nursing Care and Patient Safety

The introduction of informatics in healthcare systems today is a primary foundation of most medical institutions. The modernization of these systems have advanced the service delivery, and patient safety compares to the technologies used in previous years. The need for the computerization of healthcare acted as a driving force that guaranteed the evolution of computers for the benefit of medical institutions. According to Cassano (2014), computer programs have been developed over the past decade with the aim of improving the clinical processes.

The improvement of the patient care systems has been the primary focus of technology experts. The need to equip new concepts and knowledge to the patient care systems have been the driving force towards the creation and implementation of new technologies in the healthcare system. The advancement of computers never took root in the clinical until the 21st century when hospitals decided to automate both the administration and clinical processes. Several departments in the healthcare institutions saw the need of introducing new technologies so as to speed up service delivery with the aim of providing better outcomes in their respective fields.

The use of automated systems kicked off in health institution especially in the pharmacy, laboratory, and radiology departments. The introduction of these technologies has changed many health systems worldwide since it has created new opportunities for many industries. By recognizing the need to improve the communication between healthcare practitioners and the information technology workforces, the healthcare industry has designed ways to address patient care issues. This ranges from the introduction of informatics in the nursing profession to the equipment of most medical institutions with a state of the art patient care systems (Wood, 2013).

Nursing informatics, therefore, has evolved to be the most integral part of the healthcare systems since it is the deciding factor in the evaluation, selection and the implementation of several technological systems in the nursing industry. It is responsible for identifying high-quality patient-centered technologies that are safe for patients and the health practitioners. The nursing informatics is also supposed to manage and assess data and information that are being applied in the nursing practice (Cassano, 2014).

Most practitioners in the healthcare associate nursing informatics to a specialist who creates and facilitates the implementation of new technology, and a clinician who uses them. With this in mind, a good number of medical institutions have integrated medical prescribing machines, mobile laboratories and online appointment systems that go hand-in-hand in improving patient care. The introduction of this systems is a guarantee of the improvement of services to the general public if these systems are managed and implemented well. Therefore, medical institutions have strived to synchronize their informatics nurses with technical information that govern the clinical processes responsible for efficient and safe patient care.

Healthcare professionals face a lot of challenges that are related to the rapid complication of patients’ health conditions. Admitted patients mostly may not be able to receive maximum care especially when nurses are busy moving from one patient to another. Therefore, several hospitals record premature patient deaths that are caused by injuries due to patient falls. To prevent this, a wireless patient monitoring technology that can detect rapid changes in the patient health have been developed. The monitoring technology can be attached to the patient’s bed and can capture important details that include the patient’s blood pressure, weight, body movements and their heart rate during sleep (Cassano, 2014).

The sensor of this wireless monitoring technology is usually connected to the communication system that is responsible for alerting the respective nurse in case the patient’s condition deteriorates (Quan, 2013). Its integration can help to reduce the number of accidental falls and hence reduce premature deaths in any healthcare institution. However, the increasing wireless devices in the hospital's vicinity may interfere the operation of this technology. Therefore, it is imperative to design ways of avoiding these interferences that may harm the patient’s wellbeing.

Also, there is the use of interactive technology between the patients and their nurses. The technology is responsible for streamlining the patient’s interaction as far as their medication and care interventions are concerned. The nursing industry uses this technology to remind patients of the importance of completing their doses and showing up for checkups. The patients, on the other hand, can document their improvements and send common signs that could be used by their doctors to gauge their improvements (Lavin, Harper & Barr, 2015. The integration of this technology to all medical institutions can help a lot in ensuring continuous patient safety, especially during the treatment period.

The United States government since the year 2004 have pushed for the adoption of an interoperable electronic record system. However, nurses still argue that existing system is unable to interface itself automatically with other hospital application. It demands multiple logins so that it can allow them to enter or retrieve records. The nurses, therefore, call tirelessly for an integrated care system that would help to reduce their heavy workload and save time. Therefore the need to have a convenient information system will be an added advantage both to the nurses and patients.

Moreover, other technologies are responsible for ensuring patient’s safety as well as providing up-to-date information. The use of computer chips that typically respond to a specified range of set parameters has helped in guaranteeing safe patient care. The technology is referred to as a smart technology since it performs intelligent tasks related to what a person does (Lavin, Harper & Barr, 2015). They include the use of IV pumps and smart cards. Smart cards are used to gather and store relevant patient information that helps to provide a safe care to the said individual. The information collected on these smart cards can help patients during natural disasters since information in them cannot be destroyed.

Additionally, Barcode technology is also among the technologies aimed at improving patient’s safety. It is used in healthcare institutions in conjunction with medication systems to prescribe medicine to the patients hence reducing the possibility of errors, especially when dealing with many patients at a time (Wood, 2013). The Barcode technology is used further for equipment distribution and other supply processes.

Moreover, a radio frequency identification technology is also employed in the nursing industry to track and locate items that are required by the patients. The technology helps to save time that could have been used to hunt manually for these items. Also, the use of robotic systems in the medical industry helps in the distribution of supplies, specimens and other delicate equipment due to their ability to do exactly what is programmed. They help to provide a safe environment for the patients since there is no room for errors in the treatments.

Finally, there is the use of decision support systems to mimic the decision process of medical experts and later help other nurses to make safer decisions in the absence of the experts. These systems can also be used in other lower medical institutions to help in the prescription of drugs since they act according to the information they have acquired from experienced practitioners (Quan, 2013). They may also prescribe drugs to patients independently especially during the night and on holidays when fewer resources are at the institution's disposal.

Efficient use of the above technologies in any healthcare facility can help a lot in ensuring patient safety due to the improvement of nursing services. Therefore, it is of great importance to include nurses not only in the testing of new technologies but also in the designing of these new technologies. By involving them, they can be able to highlight how the technology is to be developed so as to address most of the challenges that they face in their profession. Most nurses possess unique information that can help a lot that can help to address issues relating to the limited usage of work patterns in the nursing industry.

The use of smart and portable technologies in the healthcare industry ensures an accurate share of information between the patients and their doctors. It saves a lot of resources including time and eliminates other health related wastages by guaranteeing an efficient environment for all stakeholders.

Nurses need to be able to have information about the patients they are supposed to attend to twelve hours earlier. The technology, therefore, has to be able to provide this information to a hand-held device that will guide the nurses and inform them of individual appointments and other tasks related to their work. It should also be able to notify them of completed test results of specific patients so as to ensure efficient service delivery.

  

References

Huston, C. (2013). The Impact of Emerging Technology on Nursing Care: Warp Speed Ahead. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 18. Retrieved from http://nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-18-2013/No2-May-2013/Impact-of-Emerging-Technology.html.

Cassano, C. (2014). The Right Balance –Technology and Patient Care. Himis, 18. Retrieved January 23, 2016, from http://www.himss.org/ResourceLibrary/GenResourceDetail.aspx?ItemNumber=33541.

Lavin, M. A., Harper, E. & Barr, N. (2015). Health Information Technology, Patient Safety, and Professional Nursing Care Documentation in Acute Care Settings. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 20. Retrieved January 23, 2016, from http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-20-2015/No2-May-2015/Articles-Previous-Topics/Technology-Safety-and-Professional-Care-Documentation.html.

Quan, K. (2013). Technology in Nursing Practice Improves Patient Care. Retrieved January 23, 2016, from https://www.fortis.edu/blog/nursing/technology-in-nursing-practice-improves-patient-care/id/2889.

Wood, D. (2013). How Technology is Helping Nurses Build Patient Engagement. Retrieved January 23, 2016, from http://www.nursezone.com/Nursing-News-Events/more-news/How-Technology-is-Helping-Nurses-Build-Patient-Engagement_41740.aspx.

Disparities in health status, access to health care and to the benefits of medical research

Health status disparities is the< difference in the health care in a population group. The health disparity refers to an advanced affliction of illness, disability and injury experienced by a specific population that may be comparative to another group. Health care disparity is the differences in health care coverage, availability of health care, and the care quality. The disparities are normally considered by referring to ethnicity and race. These disparities also occur in many dimensions that include socio-economic status, disability status, age, location, sexual orientation, gender, and location (Kaiser, (2012).

The disparities in the health care system has adverse effects on the continual improvement of the health care quality since it results in unnecessary expenditures. According to recent analysis, 30 percent of individual medical costs are excess costs to the health sector due to the untamed health care disparities. This leads to an economic loss estimate of 309 billion US dollars per year as far as the disparities costs are concerned. As the population diversifies it is paramount to address the health care disparities so as to account for the increasing population and finally countering its general effect. The number of dis-proportionate groups today are running a risk of not being insured medically. This therefore worsens their health outcomes since they may lack access to health services, and also affect the low-income generation. Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indian Natives and other low-income individuals are likely to be uninsured compared to the Whites and the high-income individuals. The Low-income individuals also suffer adverse barriers to the access of good health care and hence worsening their health outcomes (Kaiser, (2012).

Health care disparities is the main problem facing United States health care system. It limits the possibility of a continued improvement in the general service being offered by the health care institutions due to increased unnecessary costs with respect to the existence of different types of population groups (Kaiser, (2012). Health research is very beneficial as far as the development of new medical treatments and drugs are concerned. The advancement in the health care sector helps a lot to ensure that health researchers access technology that will greatly help them to come up with solutions to several health care and disease related problems. Responding to the threat of infectious diseases. The threat of an infectious disease is ongoing to the livelihoods of individuals everywhere and also the health of the general population at large. Governments and other organizations have come up with global efforts and approaches of dealing with this infectious disease threat. Their main aim is the readiness to face it and fight it with everything with the aim of ensuring the safety and health of the depending population at large (Kaiser, 2014).

These institutions have targeted to build and strengthen a set of connected systems for outbreak detection, prevention, and response. This global effort includes several activities considered with the aim of guaranteeing its success. They range from vaccine research, disease surveillance, drug development, trainings and other behavioral prevention campaigns.

The International Health Regulations is a legally-binding document that highlights the international agreements between the World Health Organization member-states requiring countries to come up with a less detection, notification and reporting capacity with respect to emerging infectious diseases. They should easily identify any potential outbreak and possible heath care emergencies that may need the international assistance as far as probable effects are considered. Additionally, the World Health Organization plays a major role in dealing with disease outbreaks by serving individuals with respect to the international standards set by the member-states. They are respond faster and hence have a higher probability of dealing with the possible threats of infectious diseases and finally neutralizing it in time (Kaiser, 2014).

International cooperation in health monitoring and surveillance The international community have passed a Health Regulations act that ensures that all countries commit themselves collectively in case of a health emergency. This types of emergencies may be affecting a specific region at a specific time with a threat of extending to other places. The best example is the outbreak of a deadly infectious disease like H1N1 or the Ebola virus that may wipe a community within a very short time. In case of an outbreak like this, several countries come together with respect to the Health Regulations and combine their resources to effectively fight the outbreak (Coleman, Bouesseau, & Reis, 2008). The Health Regulations act ensures that every country’s obligation is to act appropriately and enforce issues without any dilemmas so as to guarantee efficient and effective termination of the health emergencies. The monitoring of infections extends to food contamination and the surveillance of other diseases that may require multidisciplinary approach. This unit may require microbiological expertise in which a specific country could have advanced better that the other due to the technological advancement. This is where the respective country will request for assistance from the able country that hence offer their services according to the Health Regulations. Exploitation of individuals in low- income countries. There have been a number of debates about the effect of health research in low-income or developing countries. The controversies raised are mainly centered on the standards of the health care institutions, the international interventions in case of research trials, and the quality of the health professionals consent. Ethical frameworks have been proposed for effective clinical research in the low-income countries with the aim of minimizing or reducing the possibilities of exploitation (Emanuel, Wendler, Killen, & Grady, 2006).

In the developed countries, exploitation of individuals or the surrounding communities has been greatly minimized since the society is responsible in finding researchers and the research institutions with the aim improving health institutions. On the other hand, there is a high risk of exploitation in low-income countries. Communities and individuals in the developing countries bear the risks of research but the benefits from the research normally go to the individuals in the developed countries. This is evident since several clinical trials are done in the developing countries.

Moreover, the infrastructures responsible for minimizing the exploitation risks may be less in the developing countries compared to the developed countries. This is normally due to the high poverty index, high illiteracy levels and limited health care institutions. Also in the developing countries, there is the partnership between the sponsors and health researchers. The partnership helps to reduce the possibility of exploitation. The developing countries on the other hand face adverse challenges in ensuring continuous engagement between the existing communities and the researchers hence making it unlikely to have a lasting impact as far as the health research in concerned. To avoid this, communities ought to be involved with recruitments since it helps to create jobs to them and hence making them to support the researchers until their respective research goals have been achieved (Emanuel, Wendler, Killen, & Grady, 2006).

Health Promotion Health promotion is the way of enabling individuals to control their health status and its aspects with the aim of improving their health. It highlights the World Health Organization concept of health in which each person or specific group is capable of realizing the health aspirations facing them and hence come up with possible solutions to satisfy their needs with the aim of coping with the changing environment. The Organization has come up with a dynamic model in which health is considered an everyday life resource rather that being a state. It is seen as a positive aspect that emphasizes the social and other personal resources (Ottawa, 2004).

It is also responsible in ensuring that there is sufficient and safe water and food supplies in every nation. This is made achievable by countering any possible environmental threats that may affect the production of sustainable food products. It has a framework responsible for regulating and controlling the possible infectious disease outbreaks. Health promotion does not only target risk factors but also it is responsible in enhancing each individual’s ability to make improvements to his/her health (Ottawa, 2004).

The main goal behind this is to create an environment that can support the individual’s health status with minimum interventions. Its main aim is the prevention of diseases by reducing the possibility of its occurrences. It also strives to create a context that health institutions can evolve with the aim of satisfying any neighboring groups by targeting local issues affecting health. Several health promotion strategies were set during the Ottawa health international conference in 1987. They include: Re-orientation of health services, building the public health policy, creation of supportive environments, and strengthening the community actions in case of diseases (Ottawa, 2004).

Participation, transparency, and accountability Health care systems and institutions are faced with a number of challenges ranging from resource scarcity to the lack of enough personnel to deal with rising cases of health problems. Most of these problems may be politically instigated or caused by other managerial factors in which top level individuals decide on issues with respect to their personal and selfish gains instead of considering the general feeling of the health institution (Maluka, 2011).

To ensure transparency, accountability and participation of each individual in the health care system, some specific priorities have to be set in each health institution. This includes the rationing of resource allocation to ensure completion of tasks in time and to reduce the probability of resource wastage. The priority setting is the formulation of specific rules to be used in deciding and distributing health care resources effectively among the competing patient’s needs. The priority setting go further to other options like efficiency and effectiveness. It may lead to other outcomes which can affect multiple population groups. This is where accountability comes in to ensure a fair priority allocation process. This fairness will help to reduce conflicts in the health sector as far as the available resources are concerned. Fairness is achievable when institutions give room for debating with the aim of identifying the correct process that will produce acceptable results socially. It allows individuals to talk their minds since every person will be able to propose approaches which they prefer and then analyzed together to identify the possible benefits and disadvantages and then the best available solution is chosen (Maluka, 2011).

The legitimate priority setting will ensure fairness within the health sector since all branches are considered before any decision is made. Each individual is involved in decision making process and the respective reports are provided to each individual without biasness.

References Coleman, C. H., Bouesseau, M. C. & Reis, A. (2008). The contribution of ethics to public health. Bulleting of the World Health Organization, 8.

Emanuel, E. J., Wendler, D., Killen, J. & Grady, C. (2006). What Make Clinical Research in Developing Countries Ethical? The Benchmarks of Ethical Research. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 189, 930-937. Retrieved May 24, 2015, from http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/189/5/930.long

Kaiser, H. J. (2012). Disparities in Health and Health Care: Five Key Questions and Answers. Retrieved May 25, 2015, from http://kff.org/disparities-policy/issue-brief/disparities-in-health-and-health-care-five-key-questions-and-answers/

Kaiser, H. J. (2014). The U.S. Government & Global Emerging Infectious Disease Preparedness and Response. Retrieved May 26, 2015, from http://kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-global-emerging-infectious-disease-preparedness-and-response/

Maluka, S. O. (2011). Strengthening fairness, transparency and accountability in health care priority setting at district level in Tanzania. Global Health Action, 4. Retrieved May 24, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3211296/

Ottawa, U. (2004). Health Promotion. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from http://www.med.uottawa.ca/sim/data/Health_Promotion_e.htm

Technology Challenges for Tomorrow's IT Manager

Information technology managers play a key role in daily operations of a company. Their roles run from supervisory to company security roles (Denardis & Aksoy, 2007). With the ever-changing technology world, it is eminent that these officers are well versed with the daily happenings in the information technology arena. Globalization has made the exchange of vital firm information and data easily. Daily Inventions of business software necessary for firm operations are daily practice, making the already existing outdated instantly (Garson, 1999). Organizations system audit and control is necessary if a firm is too survive in this computer age. This will help ensure that organization vital data is safe and that system access is restricted to only the authorized users. The firm that invests in information technology will have an added advantage in relation to the other organizations. In this paper, I am going to expound some key information system avenues for technological advance. There are a number of emerging technologies expected to change the world. There technological effects will cut across various sectors. Many organizations are keen to making a general overhaul of their existing information systems betting on the new technologies (Denardis & Aksoy, 2007)

            In accordance to a report by market research media, NoSQL is a new technology under development. NoSQL is software used in data mining, military and genome databases. Its attributes are still under development and its transaction consistency is at the rise. There is also the development of Relational Database Management system (RDBMS), whose operations will be realized by 2015.Moreover, there is Cloud computing, a technology which has drawn a lot of interest. This is because is a form of technology which is meant to address the insecurity problems in the 21^st century. Cloud computing is designed to store unique data of a specific organization in a hidden location. The federal government is keen to using the device in their security system to curb hacking and store vital information in the cloud. AWS GoVCloud is the name designated to the USA security system. No company will afford the hacking of its systems and most of them will go an extra mile to acquire suitable software to check this vice(Denardis & Aksoy, 2007). Business empires are requesting developers of these new technologies to devise one for usage in the business day-to-day operations. Although cloud technology is advanced, traditional on-premise backup will be here for an unforeseeable future. These technological innovations are expected to come into operation from 2012 – 2015 (Hall & Singleton, 2004).Information system managers are tasked with consultancy roles to ensure that firms adopt only those technologies that will add to the revenues of these companies. This is because the main aim of business enterprises is to make profit. Other technologies that will advance online business transactions are under development and will come into force in the subsequent years (Hall & Singleton, 2004)..

The aforementioned advanced technologies affect the operations of firms in a big way. They cover all the stages of productions and guide operations in relation to data inputted (Hall & Singleton, 2004). Information managers therefore need to go an extra mile to ensure that they are well informed to assist them give a sound advice to their company management and to help companies recruit individuals who are well informed about daily developments in the information field. In addition, government ought to chip in and sponsor technological research. This can be a joint initiative with the private sector. Having a research team and tough brains will enhance response to technological threats and these elites will advance more innovations.

Globalization and Digitalization

The article addresses various issues related to the digitization and globalization of the world. Technology has largely transformed the daily operations in the film industry. Digitization has revolutionalized the means and production processes keeping the media, television and cinema intact. The development of modern software i.e. the audiovisual has fostered the digital transformation. In addition, digitization has led to development of a number of video tools. The tools that are necessary in the technological exodus from the traditional mode to higher fashions have posed a challenge in the labor force in relation to the level of expertise. However, despite the incorporation of multiple tracks in images the result is still the image and sound track, this implies that improvements are being advanced to build on the already existing principle (Miles 15). There is a new wave sweeping the industry in relation to the interactive video and the hypertext. Individuals at this state are keen to developing a product without making interest in relation to consumer at heart; the process will then proceed to state where advanced developers critique their product. The third and final state is composed of mature developers who will buy the initial idea of interactive video development and transform it to a mega issue in the digital industry.

            Video development takes two kinds, softcopy and hard video. Hardcopy entails the conversion of a soft copy script into paper; the presentation of this content is traditional. In addition, the copy has several constraints i.e. the improvement of the material is limited. On the other hand, a soft copy is a material that the computer can easily understand. Establishment of software to enable the communication of a computer screen with the hardcopy is paramount. Video and audio editors are advantageous as they enable the conversion of a hardcopy into tape while maintaining a softcopy of the same. However, as far as hardcopy and soft video provide a paradigm shift, networking provides a massive change (Miles 15).

A network is the modern way of transforming a traditional form for future benefits. Networking provides an interface between the computer desktop video and the hybrid production that will necessitate only future inventions. The combination of computer screen result to a more advanced development referred to as softvideo. The softvideo has amazing characteristics i.e. of transforming to a written from a publication environment. The traditional mindset of the video author, that the end user is keen on following a script to the end has largely changed courtesy of hypertext use. Quick time is the latest architecture that allows numerous track types. For example, an individual is able to play a movie with all the sound tracks playing at the background. Moreover QuickTime structural architecture has removed the traditional barriers i.e. montage which are now unfixed and mutable. The ability to transmit a movie track with several encryptions is a massive benefit to the digital world. Quick time java is used in the encryption and development of QuickTime software which s largely transforming the video and largely movie world.

In accordance with the aforementioned developments in the digital world, it is apparent that the customers will enjoy the fruits of young professional developers sooner than later. However, the sector is in dire need of expertise to enable the designations of products that will positively transform the global village.

Works Cited

Miles, Adrian. "Softvideography: Digital Video as Postliterate Practice." Small Tech: The Culture of Digital Tools. Eds. Byron Hawk, David M Rieder and Ollie Oviedo. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008. 10-21

Impact of Computers (Positively and Negatively)

    Computers have transformed the society both positively and negatively. It has been of great importance to the education sector, business, home, government and to the hospitals. It has improved the above sectors a great deal but it also has some negative aspects. These impacts is mainly due to the use of internet in which people can communicate and exchange ideas freely via the social networks like online chatting and also making video calls (Denardis, 2007).

In the education sector, computer has been of great help to the learners especially when researching. The horizons of students and teachers have become so much greater. With the help of the Internet and some books, the students in pairs searched the Internet for information about various topics. Computers also have improved the learning activities in institutions like the introduction of electronic learning. This hence makes the learning very interesting for instance the topic that could be very dry and bookish, took on an exciting life of its own, with the help of the excitement that exists with the use of the of the Internet. More so, it has helped students in easy researching, editing and printing their assignments easily hence having precious good documents and enable them to have good reference materials. The main disadvantage of computers in learning institution is the addiction ability especially in accessing the social networks. Students can waste a lot of time chatting with friends and finally can lead to failure in exams due to lack of effective preparation.

 Computers have also helped the business sector. The way people conduct business has vastly changed with the wide use of the Internet. Many businesses have websites that allow people to conduct business "on line". This is a field that all experts say it will grow and advance greatly in the years to come globally. Many people use the internet to search for items and make effective plans before purchasing. Computers have also helped companies in safeguarding vital business documents and allow easy access to data and information. Internet also has helped several employees to perform their jobs despite the distance from offices. Inquiries, purchases and delivery notes are also sent from one customer to the other via the internet. Profits also are calculated easily with the use of computers because of its ability to keep track of stock. In supermarkets, computers mainly assist the cashiers by reading the value of an item by use of the bar code readers. This mainly saves customers the tiresome of long queues. It also minimizes stealing and errors wich could have occurred if it was to be done manually. In banks it has helped customers to easily deposit and withdraw their money  by use of the automated teller machines(ATMs) hence saving time (Garson, 1999). The main disadvantage of computers in the business sector is the presence of the fraudsters. These are people who normally use computers to cone people or companies and finally gaining money illegally.

            In the field of health care, the use of computers has rampantly increased worldwide. Transforming Medicine and Health Synergistic discoveries and instant scientific collaborations between researchers working on areas as diverse as hereditary neurologic diseases and the basic biology of microorganisms all happening thanks to the Internet. Telemedicine allows medical specialists in the United States of America to diagnose and treat patients in Kenya. One of the impacts of the Internet on our society in the field of medicine, is the research capabilities it affords the general public, or the empowerment it affords patients and their families. Once the patient or his family are given just the one second opinion. Those that can afford can go to as many doctors that they deem necessary. Finally, the general public can see one "extra" specialist. Today, with the vast knowledge presented on the internet one can glean great sources of information. The patient is much better informed to discuss his/her case with his/her doctor, understand alternatives, side effects, the latest treatments available and the statistical probabilities of success. Programmed computers can also diagnose medicine to patience one it has identified the symptoms (Hall, 2004). This hence improves the health sector in that it reaches many people. The vast sea of medical information available to the public on the Internet empowers patients and their families as they can gain so much knowledge about the newest research and treatments. One can also gain information about how certain medical problems are treated in other parts of the world.

In homes computers has improved the entertainment, communication and in the use of internet. The main entertainment site comprise of the multimedia, which include music, videos and pictures. Latest videos can be accessed online and also can be downloaded. Computer games also can be obtained from the internet. Video calls can also be made via the internet i.e. international calls. The main disadvantage of computers in homes is than children and middle School students are the champion’s time wasters. When the computer is availed to them without supervision, it will end up affecting their academic performance. Children normally take a lot of their time playing the computer games due to addiction they end up stop reading. This will hence affect their education.

Finally, the Government is a sector, which is the largest consumer who practice the use of computers in governance matters. By using computers the government can easily obtain all the data required in a very short period like the information on population, development projects, economic planning services and for the state in planning and the final decision making. The government also uses computers to keep records of taxpayers and hence various arising problems can be addressed more efficiently and quickly. Moreover, most administrative tasks are done by use of computers.

In conclusion, the aforementioned impacts have played a crucial role in transforming the society. However it is apparent that a lot of improvements need to be advanced for the public and organizations to fully enjoy this technology.  In this new world there is no geographical separation and there are no borders, and all people are encouraged to participate and contribute drawing on their experiences and resources. In cyberspace actions and reactions are essentially instantaneous, and this is why the Internet is so gratifying and attractive. This is why it has impacted our society in almost all areas of human endeavor. In this report we touched on the positive aspects of the influence of the Internet on our society.

References

Denardis, L., &  Aksoy,P . 2007. Information Technology in Theory. New York:  Course Technology PTR.

Garson, D. (1999).  Information Technology and Computer Applications in Public Administration.NY: Issues and Trends, Idea Group Pub

Hall, J.,  & Singleton,T. (2004). Information Technology Auditing and Assurance. New York: South-Western Pub.